Injini yemoto iyonakala kakhulu lapho amanzi engena. Uma injini yemoto ingena emanzini, ezimeni ezibucayi, i-spark plug ayikwazi ukuvutha futhi injini ingase imiswe ngokuqondile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, injini ingase iqhume. Noma ngabe ukusiphi isimo, abanikazi bezimoto abafuni neze ukuhlangana naso. Pho singahlulela kanjani uma injini ingene emanzini? Futhi kufanele sibhekane kanjani nokulimala kwawo?
Indlela yokwahlulela uma injini ingene emanzini?
Njengoba abantu abaningi beqonda ingozi yokungena kwamanzi enjinini, singakwazi kanjani ukubona ukuthi injini iwakhiphile yini amanzi? Indlela elula ukuhlola ukuthi umbala wamafutha enjini awujwayelekile yini. Uma uwoyela wenjini eba mhlophe njengobisi, kusho ukuthi kunamanzi ethangini likaphethiloli noma enjinini.
Okwesibili, hlola ukuthi ipayipi ngalinye lingene emanzini yini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukuthi azikho yini izinsalela zamanzi esisefweni somoya kanye nendlu ephansi yesihlungi somoya, kanye nokuhlola ukuthi azikho yini izinsalela zamanzi ezisobala epayipini elingenisayo kanye nokuphindaphindeka okuningi. Okokugcina, hlola ukuthi azikho yini izimpawu zediphozithi ye-carbon ku-spark plug kanye nodonga lwesilinda senjini. Susa ama-spark plugs we-cylinder ngayinye futhi uhlole ukuthi amanzi yini. Uma injini isebenza ngokujwayelekile, amapiston esilinda ngalinye afika endaweni efile ephezulu endaweni efanayo, futhi indawo ephakathi nendawo efile ephezulu (i-compression clearance) odongeni lwesilinda icacile. Lapho injini ingena emanzini, ngenxa yokungahlangani kwamanzi, ipiston ayikwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yokuqala ephakathi nendawo efile, i-piston stroke iba mfishane, futhi indawo ephakathi nendawo ephezulu izokwehla kakhulu.
Njengoba sonke sazi, uma imoto ingena emanzini, amanzi angena kusilinda ngobuningi bokudla. Ngenxa yokungahlangani kwamanzi, ukushaywa kwepiston kuzoba kufushane, okuholela ekugobeni noma ekwephukeni kwenduku yokuxhuma injini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, induku yokuxhuma ephukile ingase indize iphume futhi ibhoboze ibhulokhi yesilinda. Isizathu sokuthi kungani imoto igxilile emanzini ukuthi ngemva kokuba i-cap yokusabalalisa ithatha amanzi, umsabalalisi ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo ovamile wokuthungela. Isici sokuhlunga umoya senjini siyacwiliswa, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokumelana nokudonsa kanye namanzi angena egumbini elivuthayo, futhi ipulaki ye-spark ayikwazi ukuvutha. Uma injini iqalwa kabusha ngalesi sikhathi, kulula kakhulu ukuyiqhumisa isilinda.
Uma amanzi engena enjinini, amanzi nawo azongena emafutheni enjini, okuzokwenza ukuthi uwoyela wenjini wonane futhi ushintshe ukusebenza kwawo kwasekuqaleni. Ngale ndlela, uwoyela wenjini awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo yokuthambisa, ukupholisa, ukuvala uphawu, nokunqanda ukugqwala, futhi ekugcineni iyona injini ewonakele.
Kufanele siyilungise kanjani injini uma isingena emanzini?
Uma sishayela imoto, uma ingozi idala ukuthi amanzi angene enjinini, kufanele siyilungise kanjani?
Uma injini ixubana nomhwamuko wamanzi kuphela bese ithatha amanzi esisefeni somoya, ayikho inkinga eningi ngalesi sikhathi. Sidinga kuphela ukwelashwa okulula. Hlanza umhwamuko kusihlungi somoya, i-throttle valve, nesilinda.
Uma injini ithatha amanzi amaningi, kodwa akuthinti ukushayela okuvamile. Ivele ibangele umsindo omkhulu. Kungase kube nenani elincane lamanzi kumafutha enjini nakuphethiloli. Kudingeka sishintshe uwoyela wenjini futhi sihlanze izingxenye zenjini ezifanele.
Uma kungena amanzi amaningi futhi injini isiwathathile amanzi esikhundleni sokuvele ibe namanzi amaningi axutshwe. Kodwa-ke imoto ayikavulwa futhi injini ayikamoshi. Kudingeka siwakhiphe ngokuphelele amanzi, siwahlanze ngaphakathi, siwahlanganise futhi futhi sishintshe uwoyela wenjini. Kodwa uhlelo lukagesi aluphephile kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, esimweni lapho kukhona amanzi amaningi okungena futhi imoto ayikwazi ukuqhutshwa ngemva kokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cylinder, induku yokuxhuma, i-piston, njll yenjini ikhubazekile. Kungatholakala ukuthi injini ilahliwe. Singakwazi ukufaka injini entsha kuphela noma silahle imoto ngqo.
2.Izingxenye Ze-Chassis Yezimoto: Isisekelo Sokusebenza Nokuphepha Kwemoto
Ukusebenza nokuphepha kwemoto kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi nokuklama kwezingxenye zayo ze-chassis. I-chassis ifana namathambo emoto, asekela futhi axhuma zonke izinhlelo ezibalulekile zemoto.
I. Incazelo Nokubunjwa Kwe-Chassis
I-chassis yezimoto isho ifreyimu yemoto esekela injini, ukudluliselwa, ikhebhu, kanye nempahla, futhi ifakwe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze imoto isebenze. Ngokuvamile, i-chassis ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
1. Isistimu yokumiswa: Inesibopho sokumunca ukushaqeka okubangelwa izindawo ezingalingani zomgwaqo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwamasondo nomhlabathi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukubamba okuzinzile.
2. Uhlelo lwe-Drivetrain: Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa i-drive shaft, umehluko, njll., futhi lunomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa amandla eyunithi yamandla emasondweni.
3. Isistimu yokubhuleka: Yakhiwe ngama-brake discs, izigubhu zamabhuleki, ama-brake pads, njll., iyisici esibalulekile sokusheshisa nokuma kwemoto.
4. Amathayi namasondo: Thintana ngokuqondile nomhlabathi futhi unikeze amandla adingekayo okudonsa kanye nama-lateral.
5. Isiteringi: Uhlelo oluvumela umshayeli ukuthi alawule lapho imoto iqonde ngakhona, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezifana nesiteringi kanye nequpha lokuqondisa.
II. Izinzuzo Zenani Le-Chassis
1. Thuthukisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kokushayela
2. Izinga lezingxenye ze-chassis lithinta ngokuqondile ukuzinza kokushayela kwemoto. Isistimu yokumiswa yekhwalithi ephezulu inganciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela wamabhampu omgwaqo emzimbeni wemoto futhi iqinisekise ukuthintana kwamasondo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zomgwaqo, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ukuphatha okunembayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isistimu ye-braking esabelayo nethembekile ingamisa imoto ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo, ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayela.
3. Thuthukisa ukunethezeka kanye nesipiliyoni sokushayela
4. Ukwakhiwa kwe-chassis nakho kunquma ukunethezeka kokushayela nokugibela. Ukushuna kahle kwe-chassis kungabhalansisa ukunethezeka kokugibela kanye nokunemba kokuphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathayi namasondo ekhwalithi ephezulu akukwazi nje ukunciphisa umsindo wokushayela kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ubuhle bemoto.
5. Qinisa ukusebenza kwamandla kanye nokonga kukaphethiloli
6. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-drivetrain lunganciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwamandla. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusheshisa ukusebenza kwemoto kodwa futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kuzuze ukushayela ngendlela eyongayo nenemvelo.
7. Qinisekisa ukuqina nokugcinwa kwezindleko
8. Izingxenye ze-chassis ezihlala isikhathi eside zinciphisa imvamisa yokukhanda nokushintshwa, kunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside zokunakekela abanikazi bezimoto. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezingxenye kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kukonke kwemoto.
III. Uzigcina Kanjani Izingxenye Ze-Chassis
Hlola njalo uhlelo lokumiswa
1. Uhlelo lokumiswa luyingxenye ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukudlidliza nokushaqeka ngesikhathi sokushayela. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, hlola ukuvuza kwamafutha kuma-shock absorbers, ukuthi iziphethu ziphukile noma zikhubazekile, nokuthi amalunga ebhola kanye nezingalo ezilengayo ezindaweni zokuxhuma zokulengiswa zikhululekile noma zonakele.
Hlola bese ushintsha amathayi
1. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngakunye, hlola ukujula kokunyathela kwamasondo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kungaphezu kokujula okusemthethweni. Ukugqoka okungalingani kungase kubonise izinkinga ngesistimu yokumiswa noma ukucindezela kwesondo futhi kudinga ukulungiswa ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, faka umoya amathayi ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ezinconyiwe zomenzi futhi uzungezisa izindawo ezihlala kuzo amathayi ukuze uqinisekise ukuguga nokuguga.
2. Hlola uhlelo lokubhuleka
3. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngakunye, hlola ukuguga kwama-brake disc nama-brake pads ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi angaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile lokusebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola izinga loketshezi kanye nesimo se-brake fluid ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuvuza bese ubuyisela uketshezi lwamabhuleki ngokuvumelana nomjikelezo otuswa umenzi ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokubhuleka.
4. Hlola uhlelo lokuqondisa
5. Noma iyiphi inkinga ngohlelo lokuqondisa kuzoholela ebunzimeni ekulawuleni izimoto futhi kwandise ubungozi bezingozi. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, hlola ukuthi izinsimbi, izinsimbi zokubopha, ama-racks, amagiya nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokuqondisa zikhululekile noma zonakalisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi isistimu yokuqondisa amandla (njengepompo ye-hydraulic, ibhande, njll.) isebenza ngokujwayelekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isistimu yokuqondisa iyaguquguquka futhi inembile.
Hlola futhi ugcobe izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-chassis
1.Izinto ezinjengama-rubber bushings, ama-ball joints, nezinduku zokuxhuma ku-chassis zizoguga kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokushayela. Ukugcoba lezi zingxenye kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kunwebe impilo yesevisi. Ukusebenzisa izikhali ze-chassis ezichwepheshile noma izinto ezilwa nokugqwala kungavikela i-chassis ekugqwaleni. Izimoto ezishayela endaweni enomswakama noma ene-saline-alkaline kufanele zikunake kakhulu lokhu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2024